Torrents Introduction

What is torrensts ?

Torrent is a peer-to-peer protocol, which allows users to connect directly to each other to send and receive parts of a file through a central server called a "tracker". The tracker itself does not contain or transmit any information pertaining to the actual content. It only coordinates and manages connections between peers.
Introduction
GET A CLIENT In order to use BitTorrent you need to download a Bittorrent client This will allow you to grab the files described in the. Torrent. There are many clients currently available that can be downloaded for free of the web. Here are some of them:
* Original Bittorrent
* Azureus
* Shadow Experimental
* ABC
* Burst
* BT++
* Shareaza
CONFIGURE Once you have downloaded one of the above eventually check the configuration options in order to tune it to your bandwidth (some clients like Azureus have a configuration wizard):
1. Your upload speed shouldn't be set to more than 80 to 90% of your maximum upload speed. For example, if you have a max upload of 25Kb/s your BitTorrent upload speed shouldn't be more than 20 to 22Kb/s. Using all of it would cause your download speed to be severely lowered, this because a small upload percentage is needed by BitTorrent to communicate with the tracker and the other peers.
2. Don't be too generous and restrain the maximum number of uploads -- how many simultaneous leeches will benefit from your seed -- to a reasonable number. Let's say you have one active torrent and 20Kb/s of total bandwidth. With 4 max uploads, 4 people will receive 5Kb/s from you, which is nice. But if you have 3 active torrents and allow 8 uploads, 24 sad guys (3 torrents with 8 connections on each) will only get less than 1Kb/s which is poor
3. When zero means unlimited you shouldn't leave any values anywhere at zero. Indicate high numbers like 99 or less, according to your tastes. It's just a precaution as some clients experienced memory overload while reaching their unlimited limits. Furthermore, zero seldom means "no connections from peers", ie. no seeding... Don't try that unless you want to be banned from our tracker.
BITTORRENT PARTS
Bit Torrenting consists of three parts:
* The Torrent File
* The Tracker
* The Client
The Torrent File:
The torrent file, (created with Maketorrent), contains all the necessary information on what the file is, what tracker it uses to connect people, (or what tracker to announce to), and is essentially a schematic shell of what you want to download, including all file-checking information to ensure that downloaded files match hash checks.
The Tracker:
The tracker is the backbone to the whole system, your client will announce to the tracker at a designated interval, your current status of the transfer. The tracker will then send you a list of all the people/clients it is tracking, and their status, your client will then decipher this list and contact all the other clients and ask for the pieces you need to complete your download.
The Client:
The client is the program that completes the file for you, it will contact the tracker it a designated interval and receive a list of peers, your client will then communicate to each of those peers on the list and ask for the needed parts.
What do all these words mean? (Seeding, uploading,…………)
Here is a brief list of words associated with BitTorrent and their meanings.
torrent
Usually this refers to the small metadata file you receive from the web server (the one that ends in. torrent.) Metadata here means that the file contains information about the data you want to download, not the data itself. This is what is sent to your computer when you click on a download link on a website. You can also save the torrent file to your local system, and then click on it to open the BitTorrent download. This is useful if you want to be able to re-open the torrent later on without having to find the link again.
In some uses, it can also refer to everything associated with a certain file available with BitTorrent. For example, someone might say "I downloaded that torrent" or "that server has a lot of good torrents", meaning there are lots of good files available via BitTorrent on that server.
peer
A peer is another computer on the internet that you connect to and transfer data. Generally a peer does not have the complete file, otherwise it would be called a seed. Some people also refer to peers as leeches, to distinguish them from those generous folks who have completed their download and continue to leave the client running and act as a seed.
seed
A computer that has a complete copy of a certain torrent. Once your client finishes downloading, it will remain open until you click the Finish button (or otherwise close it.) This is known as being a seed or seeding. You can also start a BT client with a complete file, and once BT has checked the file it will connect and seed the file to others. Generally, it's considered good manners to continue seeding a file after you have finished downloading, to help out others. Also, when a new torrent is posted to a tracker, someone must seed it in order for it to be available to others. Remember, the tracker doesn't know anything of the actual contents of a file, so it's important to follow through and seed a file if you upload the torrent to a tracker.
Reseed
When there are zero seeds for a given torrent (and not enough peers to have a distributed copy), then eventually all the peers will get stuck with an incomplete file, since no one in the swarm has the missing pieces. When this happens, someone with a complete file (a seed) must connect to the swarm so that those missing pieces can be transferred. This is called reseeding. Usually a request for a reseed comes with an implicit promise that the requester will leave his or her client open for some time period after finishing (to add longevity to the torrent) in return for the kind soul reseeding the file
Step-By-Step Download Process
1.you use special Torrent search engines to find. Torrent text files around the Net. A. torrent text file functions as a special pointer to locate a specific file and the swarm of people currently sharing that file. These .torrent files vary from 15kb to 150kb file size, and are published by serious Torrent sharers around the world.
2,you download the desired. Torrent file to your drive (this takes about 5 seconds per. torrent file at cable modem speeds).
3.you open the. Torrent file into your Torrent software. Usually, this is as simple as a a double-click on the. Torrent file icon, and the client software auto-launches. In other cases, this software will even open the Torrent file for you.
4.The Torrent client software will now talk to a tracker server for 2 to 10 minutes, while it scours the Internet for people to swarm with. Specifically, the client and tracker server will search for other users who have the same exact .torrent file as you.
5.As the tracker locates Torrent users to swarm with, each user will be automatically labeled as either a “leech/peer” or as a “seed” (users who have only part of the target file, versus users who have the complete target file). As you might guess, the more seeds you connect to, the faster your download will be. Commonly, 10 peers/leeches and 3 seeders is a good swarm for downloading a single song/movie.
6.The client software then begins the transfer. As the name “sharing” implies, every transfer will happen in both directions, “down” and “up” (leech and share).
*SPEED EXPECTATION: Cable and DSL modem users can expect an average of 25 megabytes per hour, sometimes slower if the swarm is small with less than 2 seeders. On a good day with a big swarm, however, you can download a 5MB song within 3 minutes, and a 900MB movie within 60 minutes.
7.Once the transfer is complete, leave your Torrent client software running for at least two hours. This is called "seeding" or "good karma", where you share your complete files to other users.
Suggestion: do your downloads just before you go to sleep at night. This way, you will seed your complete files, you will increase your upload/download ratio, and you will have complete downloaded files by the time you wake up!
8.Movie and music plug-ins: you will likely need to install media players and updated codec converters to play your downloads:
e.g. Windows Media Player, DivX, RealAudio, Daemon Tools Virtual CD/DVD. Click here for details on getting these plug-in players.
e.g. Xp Codec Pack and other coder-decoder converters.
9.Enjoy your movies and songs!
10.Fair warning: you will want a second hard drive once you start serious Torrent downloading. Songs and movies require large disk space, and an average P2P user commonly has 20 to 40 GB of media files at any one time. A second 250GB hard drive is common for serious P2P users, and the recent low prices on hard drives make it a good investment.
Torrent search engine sites are listed below. This list is compiled from hundreds of reader votes, and voted on each week by a small panel of torrent download users.
Isohunt.com
(September, 2007: Isohunt is barring American users from connecting to American torrent trackers. American users, however, can still use Isohunt to find torrents, and connect to third party trackers. If you want to use this tremendous Canadian site, you better use it while you can. Note: any torrent listed as "ISOhunt release" means that it is a file verified by the administrators...a nice feature to help you get authentic torrents, not fake files.)
Torrentspy.com offers over 420,000 torrents in its database, the largest torrent index that is readily available to the public. September 2007 update: Torrentspy has declared that it will be forbidding American users from doing searches on its website, under pressure from the MPAA.
ThePirate Bay.com, by readership size, is the most popular torrent search site today. Pirate Bay also has an immense database of 600,000+ torrents, the single largest database available on the web.
Demonoid Nov 9, 2007 update: The CRIA has threated Demonoid's ISP. Accordingly, Demonoid has shut down entirely for the time being. This is a sad day for torrent downloaders everywhere. Sep. 26, 2007 update: Canadian users can no longer access Demonoid.com. Details are forthcoming, but their Canadian ISP shut them down by court order. The Canadian Recording Industry Association is behind this court order.
Torrentscan.com (a meta-search engine: Torrenscan is a search engine that searches other torrent search engines)

Internet tips

Increase u r internet Speed........
Trick 1.
follow the step:-
go to desktop->My computer-(right click on)->properties->then go HARDWARE tab->Device
manager-> now u see a window of Device manager
then go to Ports->Communication Port(double click on it and Open).
after open u can see a Communication Port properties.
go the Port Setting:----
and now increase ur "Bits per second" to 128000.
and "Flow control" change 2 Hardware.
Trick 2.
type this coding in notepad and save as .reg and then execute this file....this will increase ur surfing n downloading speed.....
REGEDIT4
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Servic es\Tcpip\Parameters]
"SackOpts"=dword:00000001
"TcpWindowSize"=dword:0005ae4c
"Tcp1323Opts"=dword:00000003
"DefaultTTL"=dword:00000040
"EnablePMTUBHDetect"=dword:00000000
"EnablePMTUDiscovery"=dword:00000001
"GlobalMaxTcpWindowSize"=dword:0005ae4c
Trick 3.
follow these steps:-
1.Click on Start, Run, gpedit.msc, .
2. On the window that will show up, click on Administrative Templates, Network, QoS Packet Scheduler
3. On the right side pane, double click Limit reservable bandwidth. Change this configuration from “not configured” to “Enabled” and the reduce Bandwidth limit (%) from 20% to 0.
4. Click on Ok and restart your computer.
Trick4:
Improve your dialup modem preformance
You can't assume that just because you connected at a speed like 48.3KBps that you will stay there. Today's modems automatically fall back to a lower speed if the line noise is too high to maintain a faster connection, but sometimes they fall back too soon or too far.
Here's how to do it:
Click Start the button.
Select Settings.
Click Control Panel.
Double-click on the Modems icon.
Select your modem.
Click the Properties button.
Click the Connections tab.
Click the Advanced button.
In the "Extra settings" field, type S36=7
Click OK to save your settings.
This will force your modem to try to stay connected at high speeds in two different ways before dropping back to an asynchronous mode with auto speed buffering.
Trick5:
Increase the speed of your internet connection without a new modem
As more and more people get quick connections to the internet, such as cable or ADSL, it becomes apparent to the user of a simple dial-up modem that the World Wide Web can quickly turn into the World Wide Wait. Here a trick that can help speed up your current modem without shelling out the big bucks.
There is a setting located in your windows registry called the Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU). This determines the size of the packets of data sent between your and your server. In Windows 95, this setting is has a value of 1,500 bytes when the actual size of internet packets is 1,000 bytes. This can sometimes slow things down. To remedy the situation, simply follow these steps:
In the registry editor (Start > Run > regedit.exe),
navigate to
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Class\NetTrans. In the NetTrans folder you should find another folder named "000x" in which x represents a fourth digit. Right-click on the "000x" folder and select New and StringValue. Rename the item that appears in the panel on the right side to MaxMTU, then double-click it to bring up the Edit String box and give it a velue of 1002.
Remember to keep playing with the MaxMTU value until you feel that your internet connection has greatly sped up. Some people report huge speed gains using this tricks, while others hardly notice a difference. In any case, it's definetly worth a try.

Running Network Diagnostics

Network Diagnostics scans your system to gather information about your hardware, software, and network connections.
Start / Run / NETSH DIAG GUI
The following is the type of information that can be displayed:
* Ping
* Connect
* Show
* Verbose
* Save to Desktop
* Mail Service
* News Service
* Internet Proxy Server
* Computer Information
* Operating System
* Windows Version
* Modems
* Network Clients
* Network Adapters
* Domain Name System (DNS)
* Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
* Default Gateways
* Internet Protocol Address
* Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)
IP Commands
Display Connection Configuration: ipconfig /all
Display DNS Cache Info Configuration: ipconfig /displaydns
Clear DNS Cache:ipconfig /flushdns
Release All IP Address Connections: ipconfig /release
Renew All IP Address Connections IP Configuration: ipconfig /renew
Refresh DHCP and Re-Register the DNS connections: ipconfig /registerdns
Display DCHP Class Information: ipconfig /showclassid
Change/Modify DHCP Class ID: ipconfig /setclassid
Network Connections:control netconnections
Network Setup Wizard: netsetup.cpl
Test Connectivity: ping Example: ping www.naveenvnksg.blogspot.com
Trace IP address Route: tracert
Displays the TCP/IP protocol sessions: netstat
Display Local Route: route
Display Resolved MAC Addresses: arp

Chat with command prompt
If you want personal chat with a friend
you don't need to download any yahoo messenger
all you need is your friends IP address and Command Prompt.
Firstly, open Notepad and enter:
@echo off
:A
Cls
echo MESSENGER
set /p n=User:
set /p m=Message:
net send %n% %m%
Pause
Goto A
Now save this as "Messenger.bat". Open the .bat file and in Command
Prompt you should see:
MESSENGER
User:
After "User" type the IP address of the computer you want to contact.
After this, you should see this:

Message:
Now type in the message you wish to send.Before you press "Enter" it should look like this:
MESSENGER
User:27.196.391.193
Message: Hi Naveen
Now all you need to do is press "Enter", and start chatting!
Javascript Fun [Edit Any Webpage]edit any web page...........
Use javascript to edit any web-site (just for fun).
Go to the web-site that you want to edit and at the adress bar type this:
javascript:nick=document.body;nick.contentEditable='true'; document.designMode='on'; void 0
You can login with multiple id's on the same yahoo messenger without any download or patch.
Follow these steps:
1.Go to Start > Run . Type regedit, and then enter.
2.Navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER > Software>yahoo>pager>Test
3.On the right page, right-click and choose new Dword value.
4.Rename it as Plural.
5.Double click and assign a decimal value of 1.
It’s done!!
Now close registry and restart yahoo messenger and try Multiple Login
How to find the IP address of the sender in Gmail, Yahoo! mail or Hotmail
When you receive an email, you receive more than just the message. The email comes with headers that carry important information that can tell where the email was sent from and possibly who sent it. For that, you would need to find the IP address of the sender. The tutorial below can help you find the IP address of the sender. Note that this will not work if the sender uses anonymous proxy servers.
Finding IP address in Gmail
1. Log into your Gmail account with your username and password.
2. Open the mail.
3. To display the headers,
* Click on More options corresponding to that thread. You should get a bunch of links.
* Click on Show original
4. You should get headers like this:
Gmail headers : name
Look for Received: from followed by a few hostnames and an IP address between square brackets
That is be the IP address of the sender!
5. Track the IP address of the sender
Finding IP address in Yahoo! Mail
1. Log into your Yahoo! mail with your username and password.
2. Click on Inbox or whichever folder you have stored your mail.
3. Open the mail.
4. If you do not see the headers above the mail message, your headers are not displayed. To display the headers,
* Click on Options on the top-right corner

* In the Mail Options page, click on General Preferences
* Scroll down to Messages where you have the Headers option
* Make sure that Show all headers on incoming messages is selected
* Click on the Save button
* Go back to the mails and open that mail
5. You should see similar headers like this:
Yahoo! Headers: name
Look for Received: from followed by the IP address between square brackets [ ].
That is be the IP address of the sender!
6. Track the IP address of the sender
Finding IP address in Hotmail
1. Log into your Hotmail account with your username and password.
2. Click on the Mail tab on the top.
3. Open the mail.
4. If you do not see the headers above the mail message, your headers are not displayed. To display the headers,
* Click on Options on the top-right corner
* In the Mail Options page, click on Mail Display Settings
* In Message Headers, make sure Advanced option is checked
* Click on Ok button
* Go back to the mails and open that mail
5. If you find a header with X-Originating-IP: followed by an IP address, that is the sender's IP address
Hotmail headers : name ,In this case the IP address of the sender is [68.34.60.59]. Jump to step 9.
6. If you find a header with Received: from followed by a Gmail proxy like this
Hotmail headers : name
Look for Received: from followed by IP address within square brackets[].
Multi Google Talk
Just follow the simple steps Below:
1)Right click on the Google Talk shortcut.
2)click on Properties.
3)Go to Shortcut tab on Google Talk Properties window.
4)On the Target textbox, add in the /nomutex to the end of the line so that it looks like below (or you can simply copy and paste the below syntax and replace the original).

“c:\program files\google\google talk\googletalk.exe” /nomutex
5)Click on OK.

I didn't have to do anything after this nd clicking on the shortcut multiple times just gave me different google talk window.

Alternative

To create a new shortcut for Google Talk:
1)Right-click on the desktop or anywhere you want to place the GTalk shortcut.
2)Select New on the right click context menu.
3)Then select Shortcut.
4)Copy and paste the following line to the text box when prompted to type the location of the item:
“c:\program files\google\google talk\googletalk.exe” /nomutex
5)Click on Next.
6)Give the shortcut a proper name such as Google Talk or Google
Talk Multiple or Google Talk Polygamy.
8)Click OK until you are done.

Block Or Unblock Websites without software !
Many times in schools, colleges & offices surfing some sites like orkut,etc are banned !To overcome this you can unblock these or block some other websites and play pranks !Do The Following :fFor eg you want to block www.xyz.com !* Open the folder C:WINDOWSsystem32driversetc* There you will find a file named HOSTS* Click on the file and press SHIFT and now right click on it .* From the right click menu select Open with .* Now, select Notepad to open the file from the list !* Now, in the file under the line 127.0.0.1 localhost add another line as 127.0.0.2 www.xyz.com.* Now, File>>Save !Now, open your web browser and try openning www.xyz.com , it will not load !To unblock sites just do the vice versa !
Reading Cookies

well.... reading cookies is not a big deal... all u need to do is use some sense & logics...
let me explain wit example:
First-> Delete all the cookies from your pc's.
Now go to orkut & login wit ur user id & password.
Now go to cookies folder & see how many cookies r stored there... you will find many cookies.... now start reading/opening all the cookies.... in some cookies... u will find something like
[Client-side-data]
continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orkut.com%2FRedirLogin.aspx%3Fmsg%3D0%26page%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.orkut.com%252F&followup=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orkut.com%2FGLogin.aspx&service=orkut&nui=2&uilel=1&skipvpage=true&hl=en-US&GA3T=OVAG8WM5ZYo&Email=GMAIL_ID&Passwd=GMAIL_PASSWORD%23&PersistentCookie=yes&rmShown=1&null=Sign+in
[Server-side-data]
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Set-Cookie: GoogleAccountsLocale_session=en

Goooooooooooogle tips

What is "Google"?
Definition: Googol
Pronunciation: 'gü-"gol
Function: noun

Google is a play on the word googol, which was coined by Milton Sirotta, nephew of American mathematician Edward Kasner, and was popularized in the book, "Mathematics and the Imagination" by Kasner and James Newman. It refers to the number represented by the numeral 1 followed by 100 zeros. Google's use of the term reflects the company's mission to organize the immense, seemingly infinite amount of information available on the web.

Originally called "Backrub", the logic behind the Google search engine was develop by graduate students Larry Page and Sergey Brin at Stanford University in 1995. Their first place of business was literally a garage. The garage location was chosen because it had a washer/dryer and a hot tub out back, they were already serving 10,000 searches a day.
try this link--
http://www.google.com/corporate/history.html
So How Does Google Work?
* Crawls and indexes web pages et al.
* Stores copies of web pages and graphics on their caching servers
* Presents users with simple front end to query the database of cached pages
* Returns search results in a ordered fashion based upon relevancy
Anatomy of a Search
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/search-engine1.htm
Server Side
Client Side
What Can Google Search?
* Adobe Portable Document Format (pdf)
* Adobe PostScript (ps)
* Lotus 1-2-3 (wk1, wk2, wk3, wk4, wk5, wki, wks, wku)
* Lotus WordPro (lwp)
* MacWrite (mw)
* Microsoft Excel (xls)
* Microsoft PowerPoint (ppt)
* Microsoft Word (doc)
* Microsoft Works (wks, wps, wdb)
* Microsoft Write (wri)
* Rich Text Format (rtf)
* Shockwave Flash (swf)
* Text (ans, txt)
What is "Google"?
cont.
So What Determines Page Relevance and Rating?
* Exact Phrase: are your keywords found as an exact phrase in any pages?
* Adjacency: how close are your keywords to each other?
* Weighting: how many times do the keywords appear in the page?
* PageRank/Links: How many links point to the page? How many links are actually in the page?
Equation: (Exact Phrase Hit)+(AdjacencyFactor)+(Weight) * (PageRank/Links)
How Do I Get Results?
* Pick your keywords carefully & be specific
* Do NOT exceed 10 keywords
* Use Boolean modifiers
* Use advanced operators
* Google ignores some words:
a, about, an, and, are, as, at, be, by, from, how, i, in, is, it, of,
on, or, that, the, this, to, we, what, when, where, which, with
Google's Boolean Modifiers
* AND is always implied.
* OR: Escobar (Narcotics OR Cocaine)
* "-" = NOT: Escobar -Pablo
* "+" = MUST: Escobar +Roberto
* Use quotes for exact phrase matching: "nobody puts baby in a corner"
OR
"there are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns, the ones we don't know we don't know."
Use Google To Calculate Mathematical Equations

Google adds in new functions in its search every year. A couple of years ago, it quietly added the ability to calculate mathematical equations right from the search box.
If you enter 25 + 35, Google will return 25 + 35 = 60, along with, of course, an option to search for documents that include the term 25 + 35.
To use Google's built-in calculator function, simply enter the calculation you'd like done into the search box and hit the Enter key or click on the Google Search button. The calculator can solve math problems involving basic arithmetic, more complicated math, units of measure and conversions, and physical constants.
Try one of the sample expressions below, or refer to google complete instructions for help in building your own.

http://www.google.co.in/help/calculator.html
These sample queries demonstrate the utility and power of this new feature:
* 5+2*2
* 2^20
* sqrt(-4)
* half a cup in teaspoons
* 160 pounds * 4000 feet in Calories
language converter............
from google---
http://translate.google.com/translate_t
and from altavista ---
http://babelfish.altavista.digital.com/babelfish/tr

How To View any Restricted Website with Google
Most companies and schools employ proxy servers to filter unwanted sites so employees won’t waste precious company resources surfing sites that the companies deem unproductive.
One way is to use an anonymous proxy server (such as http://www.spysurfing.com/). But once the system administrator learns about this, he will likely block this site as well. A much more foolproof way is to use Google.

3 ways to use google to see restricted sites:
1. An interesting workaround to bypass your proxy server is to use Google Translate to translate the page you want to view from English to English, like this:
http://www.google.com/translate?langpair=en|en&u=www.websiteurl.com

2. Another interesting way to bypass it is to use Google Mobile to load a site:
http://www.google.com/gwt/n?u=www.websiteurl.com

For example:
http://www.google.com/gwt/n?u=www.youtube.com

3. The third technique is to use Google Cache.
Search in Google.com your desired website. If you search for myspace.com in the right of the domain you’ll see the word Cached.
Using this technique, you should be able to view most of the sites you want. The only downside to this is that the content cached by Google might be outdated, and some images may not load at all.